INTRODUCTION

The foods you eat make up your “Diet.” Most people’s Diets include a range of foods such as grains, nuts, fruits, vegetables, and more!
Nutrients are contained in the foods we consume. Nutrients are substances that the body needs to work properly. Since the human body
does not generate nutrients or does not synthesize them in sufficient enough quantities for human health, they must be obtained by Diet. Nutrients are essential for various bodily functions, including development, muscle movement, tissue repair, and much more! The body needs six types of vital nutrients to survive and sustain optimal health. Lipids (fats), proteins, water, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals are the six types of essential nutrients. Non-nutrients can also be used in foods. Some non-nutrients, such as
fiber and antioxidants, tend to be essential for human health; however, other non-nutrient, such as preservatives, colorings, flavorings, and
pesticide residues, can be detrimental to human health.

Micronutrients

Micronutrients are nutrients that the body requires in smaller quantities but are still essential for bodily functions. All of the basic vitamins and minerals are included in micronutrients. There are 13 vitamins and 16 important minerals. Micronutrients, unlike carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins, do not generate calories. This is perplexing because most people are aware of how exhausted a person would feel if they are deficient in a micronutrient like iron. The exhaustion can be explained by the fact that micronutrients aid in energy production as part of enzymes. Chemical reactions in the body are catalyzed by enzymes, and they are involved in a variety of bodily functions, including energy production, digestion, and macromolecule formation. Micronutrients play a variety of roles in the body. Food Energy (Calories)

The terms “calories” and “energy” are used many times by people. You’ve probably overheard people discussing how many calories
they burned on the treadmill or how many calories are mentioned on a bag of chips in daily conversation. Energy in food is measured in
calories. To keep us alive, we need a lot of calories (energy). Even if an individual is in a coma, they must burn calories for their heart to beat, blood to circulate, lungs to breathe, and so on. When we work out, we burn even more calories. We get calories from the carbohydrates, fats, and proteins we eat and drink. These essential nutrients are often referred to as “energy yielding.” Carbohydrates provide 4 calories per gram consumed, proteins provide 4 calories per gram consumed, and fats provide 9 calories per gram consumed, as mentioned above. Alcohol is another source of calories. While alcohol is not considered a nutrient (because it is not needed by the body to carry out its basic functions), it does provide 7 calories of energy per gram consumed. While vitamins, minerals, and water do not contain calories, they are still necessary nutrients.